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Biofeedback Industry and FDA Compliance: Dr. Anand Akerkar, Ph.D.
Chief Executive Officer mdi Consultants, Inc. , 55 Northern Blvd. , Great Neck, NY 11021 Tel# (516) 482-9001 Fax# (516) 482-0186
For decades, industries such as pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, biologicals, dental etc. have been complying with the FDA regulations and striving. Biofeedback falls into the category of both diagnostics and treatment which has always been found to be both safe and effective. However, the FDA has always felt that biofeedback is not a science, and is probably more like "witchcraft". This statement is not meant to underscore the FDA’s understanding of the subject, but it is a reflection on the attempts that the biofeedback industry has made to gain the scientific recognition it deserves. However, more recently FDA has begun to accept biofeedback as a recognized technique for diagnostic uses.
By complying with FDA regulations including the GMP, filing properly prepared 510(k)s, and/or PMAs, this will certainly help this industry to be in par with the other industries burdened with these same FDA regulations. This presentation will focus on how to comply with FDA in a proactive approach, its pros and cons and the problem if one fails to comply.
Five years of Neurofeedback in a Public Charter School - Building a Base and Expanding into the Community. John S. Anderson, MA
A Chance To Grow, Inc./New Visions School - IDS #4011 3820 Emerson Ave. N , Minneapolis, MN 55412 612-521-2266 e-mail - jsander@fishnet.com
Report on 34 elementary school students receiving daily AVS training
Twenty public and fourteen parochial school students received daily Audio/Visual Stimulation (AVS) training in Perham, a small community in northern Minnesota. Pre-testing consisted of the TOVA 7 and teachers and parents completion of the Burks’ Behavior Rating Scale (Burks’). Eight of the students were given more extensive academic testing pre and post training. Students were referred to the program with a variety of learning and behavior problems including attention problems, impulsivity and hyperactivity, reading and other academic delays, anxiety and others.
Parent permission was obtained using a carefully developed informed consent, which documented the potential negative effects, including the possibility of induced seizure activity from the training. Students received an average of 31 sessions of AVS training with a minimum of 26 and a maximum of 35 sessions out of 38 opportunities. Equipment used was the Comptronics David Paradise XL unit amplified through a 10 person splitter with individual sound and light intensity controls for each participant. "Tru-View" eyesets with white lights were used throughout the study.
Sessions lasted 20 to 22 minutes. The first 8 sessions consisted of a combination of alpha and theta frequencies. Subsequent sessions utilized a protocol developed by Michael Joyce consisting of cycles of 2 minutes with left brain (right visual field and right ear) stimulation at 18 hz and right brain (left visual field and left ear) stimulation at 12 hz followed by a 30 second ramp to 10 hz bilaterally for 2 minutes and then a repeat of the cycle for 22 minutes. All sessions finished with a 1 minute "soft off" period.
Results are currently being evaluated and will be presented for the first time at the Futurehealth Conference in Palm Springs. Preliminary results show significant improvement in most measures.
Schools and Clinical Practice - Neurofeedback is not enough. John S. Anderson
Five years of Neurofeedback (NFB) in the public schools and in clinical practice shows that EEG is not enough. This workshop will present data on more than 100 students plus specific case histories. It will also challenge your assumptions with data on AVS, HSAS, VT, and NPP which address needs that NFB cannot. These methods can be an exciting adjunct to a clinical practice.
Abstract: Five years of experience using NFB in the public schools and in clinical practice has shown that NFB alone is not sufficient to address all the needs presented by students in the school or by clients in a clinical practice. Other interventions may be more effective and may be necessary before NFB can work. Screening or testing for theses needs and then providing training specific to their resolution can significantly enhance a private practice. It is also a highly effective approach to the difficulties faced by our public and private schools.
Neurofeedback training was introduced to the Minneapolis Public Schools in 1990. Housed in Shingle Creek School in North Minneapolis, the program saw only a few students but results were encouraging so the program continued. The program moved to Harrison School in 1991 and then found a permanent home in New Visions School in 1992. New Visions School also incorporated other unique educational interventions such as Vision Therapy (VT) and Neuro-Physiological Programming (NPP). It became clear that these interventions were effective for students when NFB was not or was a helpful adjunct to NFB when this was indicated.
Students who could not perform basic visual processing tasks needed specific visual training exercises to encourage the development of appropriate visual processing skills. Children with poorly developed nervous systems who had mixed hand, foot, and eye dominance needed specific physical exercises repeated daily with sufficient frequency, intensity and duration to encourage age appropriate neurological development.
These services were grouped loosely under the umbrella of a non-profit agency known as A Chance To Grow, Inc. (ACTG). New Visions School (NVS) was a Public Charter Elementary School begun by ACTG to provide a way to bring these services to underserved children and adults in the inner city of Minneapolis. The gains realized by NVS students were remarkable. Starting with at least a year deficit in reading to be enrolled in NVS, students have made an average of 1.6 years gain in reading level for each year NVS has been in operation. Where they were failing in their previous school placement and falling further and further behind in reading each year, now they were making more than a years gain for each year they were in NVS.
The services were also available to adults and children from the surrounding community both during the school year and through intensive summer programs. Results for these outside clients were equally impressive and encouraged ACTG to begin the process of raising funds to build an new building to more adequately house all of its programs.
In 1996 the Speech and Audiology department of ACTG began exploring the use of corrective measures for students with auditory processing deficits. They settled on a standard program developed by Kjeld Johansen of Denmark which uses specifically designed audiotapes to promote optimal hearing levels and right ear dominance. The first year only 10 students received this training and only 7 received pre and post testing. Of these, 6 improved and 4 showed significant improvements.
Audio/Visual Stimulation (AVS) was introduced on a limited basis in the fall of 1997. Michael Joyce, an associate of ACTG in Perham Minnesota, began a more comprehensive program at the same time. He performed pre and post TOVA’s and parent and teacher Burks’ Behavior Rating Scales with 34 students who received daily AVS sessions focused on increasing mental flexibility. Results were generally quite positive and in some cases were remarkable.
This workshop will present ways clinicians can incorporate these methods into a private clinical practice and will also cover how to bring these methods into the public and private schools in virtually any area.
Sources of funding will be discussed including state grants for technology, special education services and demonstration projects.
Treating Depression with the Asymmetry Protocol: Progress and Problems Elsa Baehr, Ph.D.
Clinical Associate, Dept. of Behavorial Sciences, Northwestern University and Private Practice, Evanston, Il.
For the past three years we have been using an alpha asymmetry protocol* as an adjunctive treatment for clinical depression. While we have seen apparently remarkable change in a short time in some individuals, we have found that this treatment approach does not work for all types of individuals, and all types of depressions. This paper summarizes our current findings, and discusses some of the problems which have emerged during the treatment process.
*A patented protocol. Dr. Peter Rosenfeld, Dept. of Psychology Northwestern University Evanston, Il. jp-rosenfled@nwu.edu
Combining QEEG and Evoked Potentials for the Classification of Various Psychiatric Behaviors: Toward Improved Differential Diagnosis Donald Bars, Ph.D.; F. LaMarr Heyrend, MD; C. Dene Simpson, PhD; & James C. Munger, PhD
Donald Bars, Ph.D Treasure Valley NeuroScience Center 411 North Allumbaugh Boise, Idaho 83710
This paper discusses the results of an on-going quasi-experimental research project investigating the use of quantitative electronencephalographic (QEEG), visual (VEP), and auditory (AEP) evoked potential studies as aids in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric behaviors in children and adolescents. Participants were 328 individuals (ages 6-18) evaluated during 1995 and 1996. Based upon preliminary clinical research in our laboratory, individuals were classified into four groups, (1) Attention/Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), (2) Affective disorder without VEP indicators of explosive or ruminating behaviors, (3) Affective disorder with VEP indicators of explosive or ruminating behaviors, and (4) mixed ADHD/affective disorder (N=42, 83, 118, 85 respectively).
Statistical analysis of QEEG absolute power, across all standard revealed that each group could be significantly (all p’s < .001) distinguished by the activity occurring. The outcome of this study suggests that it is possible to utilize electrophysiological data to obtain more precise diagnostic categories associated with ADHD and affective disorders, enhancing therapeutic specificity and outcomes.
Neurofeedback with Court Ordered Criminal Offenders In & Out of Jail, Alfonso Bermea
Alfonso will present current information on the treatment of clients who have been convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) or convicted of possession of illegal narcotics and those who were drinking when they committed domestic violence and are court ordered to attend and complete drug and alcohol treatment. The information he will share describes a new relationship between Neurofeedback and the criminal justice system. At a time when the courts are searching for an effective alternative to incarceration and recidivism this model of treatment offers much hope.
Workshop Applying Neurofeedback to Criminal Offenders: Alfonso Bermea
Anyone working with clients who have a history of problems which led to involvement in the criminal justice system will appreciate the information Alfonso will present in this 2 hour workshop. Alfonso will cover the clinical treatment of addictions, alcoholism, drug addiction, post traumatic stress disorder, mild closed head injury, ADD, ADHD, violent behavior, and domestic violence. The issue of interfacing treatment with the court system and developing referrals will be covered. Alfonso will report on the status of Neurofeedback in the criminal justice system focusing on the development of a new model of treatment incorporating Neurofeedback as the foundation for change
Bio: Mr. Alfonso Bermea Jr. currently lives in Topeka, Kansas where he serves as the Program Coordinator, for the Wellness Addiction Community Treatment Health (WATCH) program. This program is directed by the Life Sciences Institute of Mind Body Health, Inc. under the directors Steve Fahrion, Pat Norris, Carol Snarr and Jeff Nichols all formerly of the Menninger Institute in Topeka. Alfonso's experience in working with violent, addicted criminal and psychiatric populations spans more than decade. Alfonso is recognized for the research he conducted while with the Texas Youth Commission, working with violent and addicted youthful offenders who had committed murder.
Alfonso is the Chief Executive Officer of Neurotherapy Consultative Services a private company he developed to provide training and consultation nationally and internationally.
Fundamentals of Neurofeedback: The Five Phase Model of CNS Functional Transformation (For the Foundations Course) Valdeane Brown
121 Prospect St. Port Jefferson NY 11777 516-473-7317 weare@zengar.com
Neurofeedback is a breakthrough approach to resolving dysfunction, improving performance and enhancing life experience. However, most of the models and techniques are overly complex and confusing to beginning practitioners. This presentation discusses a simple, yet comprehensive approach to Neurofeedback that integrates all of the other major protocols. Utilizing a Five Phase Model, this core approach gives you a firm functional understanding to how the CNS recovers from dysfunction and returns to its natural state of healthy chaos. From this perspective it becomes possible to understand the underlying core of the clinical practice of Neurofeedback in a way that will simplify the learning process and let you get results quickly – regardless of what brand of equipment you use.
You will learn:
-How "theta" is actually composed of three targets frequencies (3, 5 & 7 Hz) each with its own role in health and dysfunction
-To target augment frequencies precisely and sequentially to treat even the most challenging clients in a safe manner
-The use of FFT and direct digital filtering systems and their relative roles in clinical decision making and data analysis
-The value of Cz as a central site for training
What you don't know about NF could fill a book – or empty your Practice Part I: The Period 3 Approach to the Chaotic Control Mechanisms Underlying CNS Renormalization Valdeane Brown
Neurofeedback is an exciting arena in which new discoveries and protocols are emerging at an unprecedented rate. The list of disorders and conditions that respond to Neurofeedback is almost as extensive as the bewildering array of techniques and theories that have promulgated around it.
The field is limited, however, by linear models of EEG and overly complex neuroanatomical theories. These older ideas have led clinicians to maintain a "sickness" based orientation that is predicated upon discerning the precise disorder afflicting each client and, then, devising a specific treatment for that particular disorder. At best, such linear complexity is unnecessary for developing an effective paradigm for neurofeedback.
Most of the clinical applications of Neurofeedback have used a single channel of EEG, with multiple bandwidth filters being applied, in order to provide feedback re: ongoing shifts in frequency and amplitude in the EEG signal. These approaches are based on linear mathematical models which assume a one-to-one relationship between feedback targets and clinical change. Thus, for example, an increase in amplitude in a particular frequency range (Beta) is thought to lead to a decrease in a specific symptom (Early Morning Awakening). Although these theories have expanded to include simultaneous inhibits of different bands and to the use of ratios between the inhibit and augment targets (e.g. Theta/Beta ratios and ADD, they remain unidimensional, linear, neuroanatomically anchored and symptom oriented. They have also led to protocols using only minimal sets of auditory and visual feedback in order to keep from "overwhelming the client" with too much information.
These traditional approaches ignore two critical factors: a.) the EEG signal is non-linear, dynamical, chaotic in structure; andb.). the CNS is non-linear in organization. Four important elements emerge from a close consideration of the non-linearity of the CNS and EEG.
1. EEG is not appropriately captured by mathematical tools based on linear transforms (such as FIR, IIR, FFT or even IQM techniques).
2. Dysfunction is better characterized in terms of discrete attractors within the spectrum, and functionality is better captured as the ability to fluidly shift amplitudes throughout the spectrum.
3. The CNS can not be trained optimally with linear procedures, but requires the use of non-linear, dynamical control mechanisms.
4. Since the CNS is non-linear, it is designed to process and respond effectively to incredibly dense stimuli arrays in the midst of very noisy environments so feedback can be complex, differential, syncopated and simultaneous.
This presentation demonstrates and discusses a radically different approach to Neurofeedback that integrates these ideas and addresses the problems inherent in the older, linear models. The Period 3 Approach trains multiple feedback parameters simultaneously using two discrete, real-time channels of EEG. Unique non-linear, dynamical approaches to threshold setting are utilized in very precise ways that reflect the chaotic structure of the EEG itself. Combining these factors appropriately challenges each hemisphere to disrupt its specific attractors of dysfunction while being chaotically synchronized to basins of functional stability. This directly perturbs the entire CNS to maximally reorganize its dynamical structure and reestablish a healthy degree of chaos – i.e., the adaptive and resilient chaos that is characteristic of vital physiological systems. The goal is to increase the self-regulatory ability of the CNS, not to decrease particular symptoms, so a single, comprehensive theory can be applied effectively to all clinical phenomena -- regardless of the presenting complaint or emergent symptomatology of the client.
What you don’t know about NF could fill a book – or empty your Practice Part II: Clinical Nitty-Gritty of the Period 3 Approach see Sue Dermit
4 hour workshop: Using Non-Linear, Dynamical Control Mechanisms to Simplify and Amplify the Power of Neurofeedback: Moving From the Five Phases to the Period 3 Approach: Valdeane Brown
Clinical approaches to Neurofeedback are often highly detailed and complex, leading the beginning- and even experienced practitioner, to feel less than adequate in treating the variety of disorders that walk through the clinical door.
Such complex treatment protocols stem from a viewpoint which places disorder at the hub of our interventions- a "sickness based" model which, much like western medicine, assumes disorders are discrete entities necessitating different and distinct treatment protocols. Under this model, the challenge is to discover the "right" treatment, which is also likely to be "wrong" for another disorder.
The powerful yet simple strategies to be offered in this "hands-on" presentation stem from a way of working that places self-regulation, not disorder, at its center. We call this paradigm the Period 3 Approach.
This new approach integrates non-linear, dynamical approaches to control of feedback systems with the clinical wisdom of the prior Five Phase Model of CNS Functional Transformation developed by Dr. Valdeane W. Brown.
The Period 3 Approach trains multiple feedback parameters simultaneously using two discrete, real-time channels of EEG. Unique non-linear,
dynamical approaches to threshold setting are utilized in very precise ways that reflect the chaotic structure of the EEG itself. Vital to the
safety and success of this approach is the use of appropriate inhibits.
These will be detailed as well as sequences of augments. The extraordinary non-linear results currently noted from the use of an original (21 Hz), and a less commonly used (40 Hz), frequency bands will particularly be addressed, as will working with patients concurrently receiving ECT. You will also discover how you train two very different attentional states on the left and right side of the brain simultaneously, increasing the power of your interventions.
Combining these factors appropriately challenges each hemisphere to disrupt its specific attractors of dysfunction while being chaotically synchronized to basins of functional stability. This directly perturbs the entire CNS to maximally reorganize its dynamical structure and reestablish a healthy degree of chaos – i.e., the adaptive and resilient chaos that is characteristic of vital physiological systems. The goal is to increase the self-regulatory ability of the CNS, not to decrease particular symptoms, so a single, comprehensive theory can be applied effectively to all clinical phenomena -- regardless of the presenting complaint or emergent symptomatology of the client.
Neurofeedback is unparalleled as a vehicle for providing the brain with what it works with best- information. Given appropriate information the brain begins to self-regulate more effectively and efficiently. When this happens, a myriad of apparently disparate symptoms drop away. It doesn’t matter if you are talking about anxiety, depression, immune system dysfunction or pain- it is, after all, all the same nervous system.
The Period 3 Approach is equally applicable to remediation of symptoms as well as training for personal growth, spiritual development and optimal (peak) performance. Its simple and straightforward methods will particularly resonate with:
__ providers interested in appealing to the "personal growth" market as a means of reducing dependency on managed care;
__ providers who want to ensure rapid and powerful results while effectively eliminating unwanted side effects;
__providers challenged by a particularly diverse range of client problems, and
__ entry level Neurofeedback practitioners who are excited but confused about how best to proceed with development of their own clinical practice.
workshop PROCOMP+/BIOGRAPH SCREEN AND PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT FOR OPTIMAL CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS
Taught by Valdeane W. Brown Ph.D. and Susan Dermit Ph.D.
While the ProComp+/Biograph system from Thought Technology is incredibly powerful and flexible, learning how to use it can be a daunting task.
We have developed a focussed and intensive workshop that will let you really learn how to make this system come alive for you. It is the only one of its kind. It is the most comprehensive means available to teach you not only the nitty gritty of tailoring the ProComp+/ Biograph system for your own use, but also to assist you in realizing the potential available to you through an in-depth understanding of this innovative system. The material will be presented from the perspective of an original clinical approach. This has evolved partly from cross-fertilization with the field of quantum mechanics, but also, more practically and more recently, through the use of this particular equipment. We have noticed that our way of working has shifted dramatically over the past year. Our earlier conceptualizations still apply, but we no longer experience the limits of our equipment. We find we are able to effect powerful clinical shifts in our clients in a much shorter time, while offering an expanded palette of opportunities to those who work with us. You too, will discover your own exciting and more powerful ways to work as you uncover the possibilities inherent in the system. This course is the just the beginning for you.
You will learn how to:
-Develop screens that allow your biofeedback practice to come alive.
-Modify audio qualities, feedback contingencies and display options for maximal client response.
-Combine screens into protocols that simplify clinical decision making and increase your efficiency and effectivess.
-Preview the next release of the Biograph system and receive the latest information on anticipated new features.
-Work with examples of state of the art screens and multimedia presentations based upon the Period 3 and Five Phase Models of CNS Functional Transformation developed by Dr. Brown
Utilizing Multiple Placement Montages and Phase, Coherence, Synchrony and Linear Channel Combination Training Paradigms with the Brownback-Mason Protocol for the Treatment of Dissociation/Addiction , Thomas S. Brownback
Brownback, Mason and Associates, Group Psychological Practice, 1702 Walnut Street Allentown, PA 18104-6741, 610-434-1540 fax 610-434-6775 (not a dedicated line) 103220.457@compuserve.com
Last year's presentation on the Brownback Mason Protocol demonstrated how single placement training to increase theta amplitude at the central, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes helped clients to connect with dissociated traunatic material. This year we will look at how to further augment the Brownback Mason Protocol by using multiple placement montages with a variety of additional training paradigms to enhance the speed and vividness of conscious awareness of buried traumatic memories.
Demons, Personalities and Beta4; Tom Brownback
A number of clients who have been sexually and physically abused, especially clients who have been subjected to satanic and ritualistic abuse, have reported experiencing two types of phenomena in their inner world. One phenomena is generally known as personalities or alters and refers to the split off aspects of consciousness which are accompanied by an underlying abnormal EEG pattern. The other phenomena which some clients report and which is very subjectively different is that there are actual spiritual entities which they believe to be demons. These two phenomena will be discussed as well as the the need for different treatment strategies (which include neurotherapy).
(workshop)The Brownback-Mason Protocol Utilizing Neurotherapy with Dissociation/Addiction Thomas S. Brownback
The Brownback-Mason Protocol is a fully integrated therapeutic approach incorporating EEG biofeedback for the treatment of dissociation. Dissociation is the splitting off of consciousness from a person's identity. This "splitting off" process is based in trauma. Trauma affects the brain anatomically, neurologically and biochemically. Traumatic verses non-traumatic memories are stored in the brain in different places and in different ways.
Until recently the only means of accessing this traumatically stored material has been through psychotherapy, hypnotherapy and guided imagery. These methods are typically slow, often requiring ten or more years to achieve full integration.
When using the Brownback-Mason Protocol the following results have been attained:
1. A significant increase in the ability to access the dissociated material.
2. The time to accomplish full integration is reduced by as much as 70%.
3. Clients experience a heightened sense of mastery over their lives.
What you will learn in this workshop:
1. How and why the EEG of a dissociative differs from a normal EEG.
2. Where and how traumatic versus non-traumatic memories are stored.
3. How using the Brownback-Mason Protocol will promote normalization of the EEG.
4. Why monitoring one or two bands of EEG are not enough to produce the most effective results.
5. How to do full spectral training in order to attain attentional flexibility.
Thomas S. Brownback is a licensed psychologist in the state of Pennsylvania, and is nationally certified in biofeedback therapy, neurotherapy, quantitative EEG and addictions. He is the Executive Director of Brownback, Mason and Associates, a group psychological private practice in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Tom has worked in the area of dissociation for over twenty years and has been directly involved in the treatment of over one hundred cases. He has appeared on national television concerning his work in this area. Tom has been asked to speak at conventions and conferences around the country about the Brownback-Mason Protocol which utilizes neurotherapy in the treatment of dissociation/addictions. Therapists and clients from across the country come to his office for intensive training and intensive outpatient treatment.
QEEG in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Thomas H. Budzynski
SynchroMed, LCC & the Dept. of Psychosocial & Community Health, Univ. of Washington
5148 NE 54th Street, Seattle WA 98105 206-525-2940 F 206-545-6833 tbudzyn@u.washington.edu
Quantified EEG techniques may be useful in the diagnosis of certain disorders. An early study by Billiott, Budzynski and Andrasik (1997) involved the monitoring of the EEG from Cz in 28 chronic fatigue patients and 28 matched normals. The CFS group showed a significant magnitude increase in certain theta bands and a decreased peak alpha frequency compared to normals when under stress. In an ongoing study at the University of Washington we are examining the QEEG’s of identical twins one of whom has CFS. Although the study is double blinded and the code is still unbroken, we have discerned certain maladaptive EEG patterns. The results obtained thus far will be discussed
2 hr ws Optimizing EEG Signatures In The Elderly With Neurofeedback and AVS Augmentation Tom Budzynski, Ph.D
As much as one-third of the population over the age of 65 suffers from memory problems as well as other cognitive deficits. Our population is aging at its fastest rate in history. There is a rapidly growing need for techniques that can help with these cognitive problems. Cognitive health in old age goes hand-in-hand with physical health. Animal studies are quite clear with regard to the effects of environmental stimulation on the mental as well as the physical health of even aged animals. Cerebral blood flow and EEG studies document the gradual changes that occur with age. Stress effects on short-term memory are considerable and must be taken into consideration as well. Photic stimulation acts to increase cerebral blood flow as does certain types of neurofeedback. Even audiocassette tapes can be used to reduce stress and improve the EEG signature in the elderly. The research with all three of these applications would suggest that a program which incorporates all of them would be especially beneficial to those otherwise healthy elderly individuals who complain of cognitive deficits. The neurofeedback parameters that may be the most helpful will be discussed as well as the research on all three applications.
Developing Windows Based Biofeedback Applications; Sam Caldwell
Expanded Technologies inc. 8317 Ashbourne Dr. Shreveport, LA 71106 318 865-5941 Fax 865-9755 sam@vi-lab.com
When I began developing biofeedback applications in the late 70's, design decisions centered around selecting the best hardware platform ( e.g., Apple, Commodore, Rockwell ). With the introduction of the IBM PC and MSDOS, hardware became less and less of an issue until the mid 80's when developing software for IBM and MSDOS became a requirement for staying competitive.
For the last five or six years design decisions have shifted to the pros and cons of developing mission critical biofeedback software using DOS versus Microsoft Windows. Our decisions have been profoundly influenced by the realization that personal computer hardware design is driven by Microsoft Windows. The current crop of multimedia machines are obviously designed to run Windows applications with little concern for the user wishing to run legacy DOS applications. A sterling example of the lack of support for DOS is the, almost universal, absence of DOS compatible mouse drivers on newer computers.
When arguments are made for DOS versus Microsoft Windows as platforms for mission critical applications the complexity and perceived fragility of Windows is often cited as reason to opt for DOS. The second most common argument maintains that Windows is inherently slower than DOS and the multitasking features of Microsoft Windows introduce unacceptable latencies in processing real-time data.
The current focus on Windows compatibility by computer manufacturers coupled with advances in both data acquisition software and hardware significantly weaken these arguments. In fact, the movement away from DOS by computer manufacturers and Microsoft actually makes it much more difficult to develop, maintain and support DOS applications which will run reliably on today's multimedia computer.
The current release of Windows 95 is significantly more reliable than previous iterations and peripheral hardware, such as printers, frequently take advantage of Windows 95 plug and play reducing complications and problems often seen when assembling complex systems.
If necessary, problems arising from conflicts with concurrently running programs can be handled by requiring the operator restrict processing to the more demanding biofeedback software.
Concerns over latency have been addressed by incorporating buffers in both data conversion hardware and signal processing algorithms.
Properly implemented, buffers allow data to be sampled, processed and displayed at aggregate rates of up to 200,000 samples per second without missing or dropping data. The current offerings of multimedia computers with clock speeds well in excess of 133 MHz, high speed RAM and hard disks make the relatively slow acquisition and processing speeds required for most biofeedback applications easily achievable.
The dazzling array of multimedia options, expanded resources made available by multitasking and availability of inexpensive plug-ins and third party software add-ons make the decision to develop biofeedback Windows based applications compelling.
A Comprehensive Performance Enhancement Strategy; Dennis Campbell
818-789-3491 F 818 788-6137 eegdennis@aol.com eegzone@starone.com 102056.645@compuserve.com
Mental fitness has come to be appreciated as the key differentiator between great and not-so-great performers at all levels, in all disciplines. EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback) has proven itself to be useful in training control of arousal and attention as well as training mental flexibility and stability, mostly in a clinical, pathology-oriented context. The use of neurofeedback for performance enhancement applications has come to be dominated by relatively simplistic, one-dimensional protocols that, although somewhat beneficial, reflect little of the rigor and breadth found in modern clinical applications. The result is that much of the possible benefit to be derived from neurofeedback for performance enhancement is being neither offered nor gained. This presentation offers the beginnings of a comprehensive model for the application of neurofeedback and other frequency based technologies to performance enhancement, drawn from current neurophysiological theory, non- pathology-oriented assessment methods and successful clinical outcomes.
Outline
1. Performance Types: Some Common and Unique Requirements
a. Repetitive action versus novelty
b. Reaction versus initiation
c. Simple versus complex
2. Assessment Methods: Where is the Process Breaking Down?
a. Continuous performance task evaluation
b. Evaluation of attentional and interaction styles
c. Progress measurement
3. Protocol Selection: Application of Available Tools
a. Training arousal and attention
b. Training relaxation and readiness
c. Releasing and reprogramming
4. Comprehensive Performance Enhancement Model
a. The Performance Cycle
b. The right tool for the job
Neurofeedback and Enhancing Golf Performance Brain Wave Training and Its Effect on Golf Performance
Dan Chartier Life Quality Resources 8404 Glenwood Ave. Suite B Raleigh, NC 27612 (919)782-4597 fax(919)782-6800
NeuroNavigators, an applied research group, selected at random golfers of different skill levels to see if helping golfers to manage their mind had a positive effect on improving their skills. The methodology blended neurofeedback technology, behavior change strategies, assessments, and coaching. The researchers--Dan Chartier (Ph.D.), Larry Collins (Ed.D.), and Darren Koons (M.S.)--wanted tosee if after training the participants shot lower scores, struck the ball sweeter, managed the mental side of the game better, and controlled stressful situations. As measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS), an instrument used to measure mood states of sthletes, participants decreased the negative factors of tension, anxiety, depression, anger, confusion, and fatigue while increasing their levels of energy and vigor. They reduced their eighteen-hole scores by an average of eight (8) strokes with a notable exception, namely, severl golfers who shot consistently in the 90’s recorded a 79 for their first time. Rsearch Format and Results Data from pre-and-post training golf scores and Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores show that neurofeedback (EEG) training has a beneficial effect on improving golf skills. Fifteen subjects completed 10 EEG training sessions and practiced a series of mind-body skilll integration sessions. The EEG training included a protocol that provided audio feedback contingent onthe simultaneous presence of three frequencies above a selected threshold. The skill integration practice included: (1) sensationalization and visulaization of perfect performance of a selected golf skill while maintaining targeted EEG activity, and (2) actual practice of the skill while attempting to produce the mind-body state achieved during the feedback training. Fourteen of the participants reported significant improement in their ability to strike the ball better, more consistently, more confidently, and more accurately. They stated they were able to putt more smothly, judge distances from the cup more accurately, and sense (feel) the putt better. They reported an increase in both their ability to focus anc concentrate. Twelve of the participants completed pre-and post training Profile of Mood States (POMS). The POMS resulkts for 10 of those 12 subjects showed development of what is called an "Iceberg Profile", a pattern of scores that is typically found in elite athletes. This is where the factors of tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion are reduced below the 50th T Score and factor of vigor is augmented above the 5oth T Score. In addition to improvement in their golf game and development of mood states seen in elite athletes, a number of participants also reported significant improvement in physical and mental health. Although medical and psychological symptoms were not a focus of this study, several subjects reported remission of troubling physical symptoms including muscle spasm pain and angina. Reports of psychological changes included improved concentration and coping with stress.
Dynamical Considerations Underlying EEG Modification Training; Thomas F. Collura, Ph.D., P.E.
This talk will consider the dynamical processes underlying EEG signals, and their implications for EEG modification training. The following issues arise: EEG signals are, in and of themselves phenomenological in nature, and reflect certain types of physiological, anatomical, and dynamical properties and activities of the brain tissue. By training and modifying EEG phenomena, we induce changes in the nervous system, hopefully toward
some desired end. On the other hand, mental functioning, intellect, behavior, and other properties of interest (attention, awareness, attitude, etc), are emergent properties of the brain/mind, which arise in a complex way, from lower-level activities in the nervous system.
We specifically address EEG phenomena such as the generation (or suppression) of specific frequency bands, training for generalized EEG suppression, training with complex feddback (phase-space, other displays), and DC or slow brain potentials. Each of these has a particular constellation of effects that it produces in the neural tissue. Overall, it is important to distinguish localized vs. diffuse brain phenomena, and to address the relationship between EEG functional topography and EEG training in a physiologically sound, yet general manner.
Cliff Corman Tova 7.1 and Other New Developments
Frontal Wide-Band Suppression: The Clearest Feedback for Concentration by Jonathan D. Cowan, Ph.D., BCIACEEG
NeuroTechnology, Inc. 1103 Hollendale Way, Goshen, KY 40026 502-228-0605 F502-228-5228
I have developed a protocol for training one-pointed focus that is much more sensitive and selective than any previous concentration protocol. My clinical experience indicates that, within the first 3-4 minutes, almost every naive trainee can understand that visually focussing on a small screen object makes it move reliably in a particular direction. Soon afterwards, usually within the first 6 minutes, they learn to reliably produce these changes, and can then do so for longer and longer time periods. Within the first session, most trainees can also learn to focus their attention on specific parts of their body or subtle details of conversation. This is in contrast to other neurofeedback protocols, which take longer to learn because they are far less clearly related to concentration. This new neurofeedback protocol rewards the trainee for suppressing a wide frequency band of EEG at the frontal location (AFz) that overlies the anterior cingulate formation, which has been suggested to be the central portion of the Executive Attention Network (by Posner and Raichle in Images of Mind). It was developed by following up the studies of Dr. Barry Sterman on B2 bomber pilots and other subjects doing continuous performance tests.
Complex Closed Head Injury Bob Crago
NeurobehavioralHealth Svcs , 5363 East Pima, Suite 100 Tucson, AZ 85712
A Case of Pseudo-Dementia with Pre, Post qEEG; Bob Crago
Is There A Neurofeedback Tsunami; R. Adam Crane BCIA Senior fellow, BCIAEEG, NRNP Diplomate
24 Browning Drive, Ossining, NY 10562 1.800.424.6832 http://MindFitness.com Whatis@MindFitness.com
SYNCHRONY training is of great interest to many Neurofeedback practitioners. As multiple channel Neurofeedback systems come into fashion synchrony strategies will become critically important to this field. However, there seems to be a number of opinions about what synchrony means. We hope to add to the confusion by explaining our views. We will also explain why we feel synchrony training is an important part of Neurofeedback's present and an even more important part of its future.
Stroebel, Fehmi, Green and others came to the view that there was a special relationship between EEG Synchrony and quality of some mind states in the early 70's. This insight came as a result of measuring the synchrony present as unusually gifted individuals demonstrated relatively high orders of perception and self regulation. Not many are aware that the Nobel Laureate Francis Crick, coming from the traditional neuroscience "Binding" theory of consciousness, is reported to have suggested that EEG Synchrony may be the most accessible and practically usable signature of consciousness.
Our considerable experience with synchrony training has convinced us that it has substantial applications with problem patients including Alpha P and Minus types. However, we believe that synchrony will play an even greater role in Performance / Life Enhancement training. The value of right / left hemispheric synchrony training is widely recognized but less is known about rear /frontal ( we think it is at least as important.) Our views are based on clinical observations and hypothetical, as much more controlled research needs to be done.
2 hr workshop Performance/Life Enhancement Training Integrating Biofeedback With special Emphasis on Neurofeedback R. Adam Crane BCIA Senior fellow, BCIAEEG, NRNP Diplomate
One of the most promising trends emerging in healthcare is assisting functional people in becoming more functional and treating subclinical symptoms. Performance Enhancement will probably grow exponentially in the near future. Neurofeedback opens a niche allowing practitioners expansion into this area. We have been Providing Performance Enhancement training since the 1970s (executives, writers, musicians, actors, models, athletes, etc.) enabling the development of heuristic strategies embodied in The Process(tm).
The Process, designed to appeal to the "Actualizer" segment of the Value Added Lifestyle Survey, targets business, sports, education, art, and personal growth. "Actualizers" are trend setters, practice builders and the group most responsible for the evolution of biofeedback, integrative, complementary and alternative medicine.
This innovative combination of strategies seeks to solve the problems attendant to delivering Neurofeedback / Performance Enhancement Training to the public individually and in small groups using qualified practitioners, inexpensive personal EEG trainers (with or without computerized systems) and a powerful, heuristic program designed to stand on its own with or without Neurofeedback.
The Sense of Mission is enhanced by synthesizing Logotherapy, Psychology of Mind (Awareness), Quantum Physics, Chaos and Systems Theory, The New Economics, Voluntary Simplicity, Profound Attention, Exersize.
We will discuss techniques for working with difficult EEG clients, integration of computerized Neurofeedback and Synchrony training. Demonstrations subject to time and equipment availability.
Goals of this workshop include presenting our rationale for the surge of interest in Biofeedback assisted MindFitness programs and going as deeply as possible into the philosophy behind and architecture of The Process training strategies and business models .
BIO: R. Adam Crane, BCIAC Senior Fellow, BCIAEEG, NRNP Diplomate has been training professionals in Neurofeedback, traditional biofeedback (including APA accredited BCIA and Neurofeedback clinical certification) and developing innovative training, and biofeedback technology for 28 years. President American BioTec (Health Training Seminars), co-developer of CapScan, The Process, numerous Biofeedback products and services.
Neurofeedback; The Ramblings of An Engineer: Frank Deits
Focused Technology PO Box 13127 Prescott, AZ 86304 520-771-8697 F520- 778-5822 www.focused-technology.com info@focused-technology.com
Engineers are inherently troubleshooters and are inwardly driven to look for "what's wrong". This is in contrast to the clinician who is interested in "what works". Both approaches have their blind spots leading to strange outcomes. Since most of this conference will be directed toward "what works", this presentation will be directed toward some of our assumptions and "what's wrong".
What you don’t know about NF could fill a book – or empty your Practice Part II: Clinical Nitty-Gritty of the Period 3 Approach: Sue Dermit
Zengar Institute 121 Prospect St. Port Jefferson, NY 11777 516-473-7317, 516-473-0051 fax: (516)473-7317 email: weare@zengar.com
Clinical approaches to neurofeedback are often highly detailed and complex, leading the beginning- and even exp
