Article: The ADPAS Categories

Watership Down corollary: Watership Down Warren, location on map: E9.

Architectural analogy: Take the 54 blocks in a Jenga set and try to build a pyramid (if you start with nine on the first level, eight on the second, etc, you can get nine levels with nine extra blocks left over). This structure has both vertical exposure (representing transcendence) and horizontal exposure (representing facticity), organized in a structurally sound way (and thus representing both autonomy and homonomy).

1 All of my examples are imperfect. For each of them, consider why it was appropriate for the given category and also why it was not appropriate for the given category. Most things are in truth a mixed bag, as should come as no surprise. To see an attempt at a more detailed sorting, though still far from perfect, click here:

http://bendench.blogspot.com/2009/06/adpas-flower.html

2 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4025
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061113093726.htm

3 Compare with Robert K. Merton's Deviance Typology. I obviously am using the terms retreatism, ritualism, conformity, and innovation in a different sense than he is, but these same terms seem descriptively appropriate, and that's not simply a coincidence. In place of cultural goals, I'm assessing the goals of the individual--or whatever acting organism is being assessed. In place of institutionalized means, I'm assessing means in general.

Also consider the work of Dr. Will Felps on how certain personalities can ruin group dynamics. These personalities are referred to in common parlance as � ��"the jerk� �� (compare with dogmatic nihilism) who accosts others but offers no positive solutions, � ��"the slacker� �� (compare with dogmatic idealism) who feels the group's work is pointless and just wants to do their own thing, and � ��"the depressive� �� (compare with pragmatic nihilism) who feels the group's task is impossible to accomplish. Each of these successfully makes the group less productive, and the other members of the group actually start to imitate the person portraying these personalities. The presence of one personality, however, was able to override the presence of any of the negative personalities. This was called � ��"the diplomat� �� (compare with pragmatic idealism) who maintains the group by listening to everyone and coordinating their efforts. This research was discussed on an episode of This American Life entitled � ��"Ruining It for the Rest of Us.� ��

http://www.thisamericanlife.org/Radio_Episode.aspx?episode=370

Felps, W., Mitchell, T. R., & Byington, E. (2006). How, when, and why bad apples spoil the barrel: Negative group members and dysfunctional groups. Research in Organizational Behavior, Volume 27, 181� ��"230.

4 The terms � ��"mysticism� �� and � ��"pluralism� �� appear in quotes, because shamanism contains the positive aspects of both mysticism and pluralism. Thus � ��"mysticism� �� here signifies mysticism without any practical grounding in this world, and � ��"pluralism� �� signifies pluralism in the absence of unifying dialogue.

5 Although, in a Lacanian Kant avec Sade sense, I, with Nietzsche before me, may be the ultimate Kantian--its destruction through its fulfillment and self-cancellation. Out of justice--grace. The world turned white as snow.

http://www.egs.edu/faculty/zizek/zizek-kant-and-sade-the-ideal-couple.html

6 The structural pattern which I describe as � ��"confusing facts for values and values for facts� �� in the case of psychopathy manifests as a nervous physiological disposition (lack of autonomy) coupled with a physiological inability to modify behavior in response to pain (lack of homonomy). Clinical depression, in contrast, is a nervous physiological disposition coupled with an extensive ability to modify behavior in response to pain that results in an exaggerated behavior of withdrawal as a result of this nervous disposition. This is confirmed by clinical trials in which rats that had been bred for the qualities of nervousness and the ability to respond to pain manifested learned helplessness (clinical depression) when faced with electric shocks (rather than learning how to avoid them to get a prize, they simply gave up); whereas those bred for nervousness and a stunted ability to respond to pain ignored the electric shocks entirely (psychopathy) and went directly for the prize without concern for their own well being; those bred for calmness and a stunted ability to respond to pain learned how to avoid the electric shocks and get the prize; and those bred for calmness and the ability to respond to pain learned how to avoid the electric shocks and get the prize faster than their stunted counterparts.

Savage, R. An analysis of learning curves. Behavior Research & Therapy, 1965, 2, 281-284.

Broadhurst, P., & Bigami, C. Correlative effects of psychogenetic selection. Behavior Research & Therapy, 1965, 2, 273-280.

Eysenck, H. J. Emotion as a determinant of integrated learning. Behavior Research & Therapy, 1963, 1, 127-140.

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