- there should be no more than two people per bedroom;
- a household of one unattached individual may reasonably occupy a bed-sit;
- couples and parents should have a separate bedroom;
- children less than five years of age, of different sexes, may reasonably share a bedroom;
- children five years of age or over, of the opposite sex, should not share a bedroom;
- children less than 18 years of age and of the same sex may reasonably share a bedroom; and
- single household members aged 18 years or over should have a separate bedroom.
Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The
Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
2008, ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 40.
[108] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 40-41.
[109] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 41.
[110] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 41.
[111] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 41.
[112] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 42.
[113] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 43.
[114] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 43.
[115] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 42.
[116] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, Housing and Infrastructure in Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander Communities 2006 (Reissue), ABS cat no 4710.0, (2007) p 87.
[117] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, Housing and Infrastructure in Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander Communities 2006 (Reissue), ABS cat no 4710.0, (2007) p 56, Table
4.9.
[118] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 43.
[119] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 43.
[120] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 43.
[121] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 42.
[122] Royal Commission
into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, National Report (1991) volume 1,
para. 9.3.1. At: www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndgLRes/rciadic
(viewed 19 January 2009).
[123] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, Prisoners in Australia 2008, ABS cat no 4517.0 (2008) p 22,
table 8.
[124] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, Prisoners in Australia 2008, ABS cat no 4517.0 (2008) p 6.
[125] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, Prisoners in Australia 2008, ABS cat no 4517.0 (2008) p 6.
[126] Australian
Bureau of Statistics, Prisoners in Australia 2008, ABS cat no 4517.0
(2008) p 6.
[127] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, Prisoners in Australia 2008, ABS cat no 4517.0 (2008) p 6.
[128] D Weatherburn, B
Lind, B Hua and J Hua, "Contact with the New South Wales court and prison
system: the influence of age, Indigenous status and gender' (2003) Crime and
Justice Bulletin 78(1) p 4-5. At
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(viewed 19 January 2009).
[129] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, Prisoners in Australia 2008, ABS cat no 4517.0 (2008) p 8.
[130] M Cameron, "Women
Prisoners and Correctional Programs', AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and
Criminal Justice, no 194, Australian Institute of Criminology (2001) p 1.
[131] Steering Committee
for the Review of Government Service Provision, Overcoming Indigenous
Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2007, Productivity Commission (2007) p 128.
[132] Steering Committee
for the Review of Government Service Provision, Overcoming Indigenous
Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2007, Productivity Commission (2007) p 129.
[133] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 228.
[134] M Lynch, J Buckman,
and L Krenske, AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice,
Australian Institute of Criminology and Queensland Crime and Misconduct
Commission, Issues paper 265 (2003).
[135] M Lynch, J Buckman,
and L Krenske, AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice,
Australian Institute of Criminology and Queensland Crime and Misconduct
Commission, Issues paper 265 (2003) p 2.
[136] Australian Medical
Association, Undue Punishment? Aboriginal People and Torres Strait Islanders
in Prison: An Unacceptable Reality, Australian Medical Association Report
Card Series (2006). At https://fed.ama.com.au/cms/web.nsf/doc/WEEN-6PU9BH/$file/Indigenous_Report_Card_2006.pdf
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[137] T Butler, L Boonwaat
and S Hailstone, National Prison Entrants Bloodborne Virus Survey Report
2004, Centre for Health Research in Criminal Justice and National Centre
for HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (2005), p 5. At http://www.justicehealth.nsw.gov.au/publications/bbv_survey.pdf
(viewed 19 January 2009).
[138] T Butler, L Boonwaat
and S Hailstone, National Prison Entrants Bloodborne Virus Survey Report
2004, Centre for Health Research in Criminal Justice and National Centre
for HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research (2005), p 5. At http://www.justicehealth.nsw.gov.au/publications/bbv_survey.pdf
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[139] A Kariminia, T
Butler, S Corben, M Levy, L Grant, J Kaldor and M Law, "Extreme cause-specific
mortality in a cohort of adult prisoners- 1988-2002: a data linkage study'
(2007) 36(2) International Journal of Epidemilogy 310, p 314.
[140] A Kariminia, T
Butler, S Corben, M Levy, L Grant, J Kaldor and M Law, "Extreme cause-specific
mortality in a cohort of adult prisoners- 1988-2002: a data linkage study'
(2007) 36(2) International Journal of Epidemilogy 310, p 310.
[141] M Lynch, J Buckman,
and L Krenske, AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice,
Australian Institute of Criminology and Queensland Crime and Misconduct
Commission, Issues paper 265 (2003) p ix .
[142] J Joudo and J
Curnow, Deaths in Custody in Australia: National deaths in Custody program
annual report 2006, Australian Institute of Criminology, Technical and
Background paper no. 85 (2006) p xiii.
[143] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey
2004-05, ABS cat no 4715.0 (2005) p 2.
[144] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey
2004-05, ABS cat no 4715.0 (2005) p 5-6.
[145] Kulunga Research
Network and the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Submission to
the Senate Committee Inquiry into the Stolen Generation Compensation Bill 2008,
April 9, 2008. At www.aph.gov.au/SENATE/committee/legcon_ctte/stolen_generation_compenation/submissions/sub42.pdf
(viewed 19 January 2009).
[146] For a detailed
explanation of care and protection classifications and statistics see:
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Child Protection 2001-02
(2003) ch 1.
[147] The ABS cautions
that data for Tasmania, however, should be interpreted with caution due to the
low incidence of child protection workers recording Indigenous status at the
time of the substantiation: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Population
Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians 2001, ABS
cat no 4705.0 (2002) p 222.
[148] Australian Bureau of Statistics, Population
Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians 2001, ABS
cat no 4705.0 (2002) p 223, Table 11.2.
[149] The ABS cautions
that SA data should be interpreted with caution due to the high proportion of
investigations not finalised by 31 August 2006 (the cut-off date for the
processing of investigations for inclusion in the data for that year).
[150] Australian Bureau of
Statistics, Population Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Australians 2001, ABS cat no 4705.0 (2002) p 223, Table 11.3.
[151] P Anderson and R
Wild, Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle - Little Children are Sacred, Report
of the Northern Territory Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal
Children from Sexual Abuse (2007).
[152] P Anderson and R
Wild, Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle - Little Children are Sacred, Report
of the Northern Territory Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal
Children from Sexual Abuse (2007), p 6. [153] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 225, Table 11.4. [154] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 225, Table 11.4.
[155] Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistics, The Health and
Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 2008,
ABS cat no 4704.0 (2008) p 225.
[156] Access Economics for
Reconciliation Australia, An overview of the economic impact of Indigenous
disadvantage, (2008) p 5-6 (extracts). At
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(viewed 19 January 2008).
